Fastest EU Citizenship by Investment: Top European Countries in 2025

If you’re not from EU, a life where you can live, work, and explore across 27 European countries without a single visa in sight sounds like a dream. Well, that’s the reality awaiting those who secure EU citizenship. Whether you’re seeking financial freedom, global mobility, or a reliable Plan B for your family’s future, the benefits of holding an EU passport are undeniable. But can you get EU citizenship quickly and easily?

In this guide, we dive into the fastest EU citizenship countries and the step-by-step processes involved. Let’s explore the top options for 2025.

Why Consider European Citizenship by Investment?

Today securing a second citizenship is no longer just a luxury—it has become a strategic necessity for those seeking greater global mobility, financial security, and peace of mind.

An EU passport unlocks unparalleled opportunities, from visa-free travel to access across 27 European countries, to better asset protection and a reliable Plan B for the future.

However, not all EU countries offer quick and efficient paths to citizenship. That’s why finding the fastest EU citizenship programs is critical for those who value time and efficiency.

Here’s why people are drawn to these programs:

• Freedom of Movement: Access to live, work, and travel across all 27 EU member states.
• Economic Security: Protection of assets and opportunities to optimize taxes.
• Generational Benefits: A passport that benefits not just you, but future generations.
• Global Mobility: Visa-free access to over 150 countries in most cases.

Now, let’s discuss the fastest way to get EU citizenship, starting with the countries leading the charge in 2025.

12 Fastest EU Citizenship Programs

1. Spain: Citizenship in Just 2 Years

If you’re from Latin America, the Philippines, Portugal, or Equatorial Guinea, Spain is the fastest country to get citizenship in Europe for you.

Due to its colonial ties, nationals from these countries can apply for Spanish citizenship after just two years of continuous residency—a significant reduction from the standard 10-year requirement.

How to Secure Spanish Citizenship:

1. Start with a Visa: Options include the Digital Nomad Visa, Non-Lucrative Visa, or Golden Visa.
2. Establish Residency: Maintain continuous residency for two years, ensuring you stay in Spain for at least 183 days each year.
3. Pass a Language Test: You’ll need to demonstrate basic Spanish proficiency at an A2 level.
4. Take an Oath: Pledge allegiance to the Spanish Constitution and the King.

With a straightforward process and a clear timeline, Spain is a top contender for the fastest citizenship in Europe if you meet the eligibility criteria.

2. Portugal: A Strategic Path to Citizenship

Portugal remains a favorite for those seeking the fastest EU citizenship. While the standard timeline is five years, its residency program is versatile, offering multiple investment routes.

Investment Options:

• Golden Visa: Invest €500,000 in a private fund, real estate, or other qualifying ventures.
• Non-Refundable Contributions: Contribute €250,000 to cultural or artistic projects.
• Scientific Research or Business Investment: Commit €500,000 to job creation or research.

Key Benefits:

• Minimal residency requirements: Only 7 days per year in Portugal.
• A relatively easy language test (basic Portuguese proficiency).
• A strong, globally respected passport after five years of residency.

Portugal’s program is highly structured, making it an excellent choice for those seeking the fastest way to get EU citizenship with flexible investment options.

3. Malta: The Fastest Option (and Most Exclusive)

When it comes to sheer speed, Malta’s citizenship by investment program stands out as the fastest way to get EU citizenship. With processing times as short as 13-15 months, it’s no surprise that Malta has attracted high-net-worth individuals from around the globe. However, speed comes at a premium.

Investment Requirements:

• Non-Refundable Contribution: €750,000 to the Maltese government.
• Real Estate Investment: Purchase or rent property in Malta for a set number of years.
• Charitable Donation: A smaller donation to a Maltese NGO.

Malta’s program is a beacon for individuals who prioritize efficiency and exclusivity. Despite its higher costs, the benefits—tax-friendly status, a powerful passport, and EU access—make it the fastest EU citizenship option for those who can afford it.

4. Greece: A Seven-Year Route with a Golden Visa

Greece offers a Golden Visa program that leads to citizenship within seven years. While not as fast as Spain or Malta, its lower investment thresholds make it appealing.

Investment Options:

• Real Estate: Invest €250,000 in specific properties or up to €800,000 for premium locations.
• Business Investments: Put funds into local companies, securities, or bonds.

Requirements:

• Reside for at least 183 days per year.
• Pass a Greek language test and a social integration exam.

For those with Greek ancestry, the process becomes much faster and cheaper, requiring only paperwork to prove lineage.

5. Sweden: A Business-Focused Path

Sweden takes a unique approach, offering citizenship after seven years of residency. The process is heavily focused on entrepreneurship and business acumen.

Key Requirements:

• Present a strong business plan and proof of industry experience.
• Demonstrate financial stability and the ability to create jobs.
• Maintain continuous residency and pass a basic Swedish language test.

While Sweden’s timeline isn’t the fastest, it’s a viable option for entrepreneurs looking to expand into Europe.

6. Germany: Accelerated Citizenship for Entrepreneurs

Germany is a powerhouse in Europe, and its citizenship by investment pathway reflects the country’s emphasis on economic contribution. Although not the fastest EU citizenship option, Germany offers a relatively quicker route for entrepreneurs with a clear business strategy and the capacity to create jobs.

How It Works:

1. Business Investment: Present a solid business plan that demonstrates how your venture will contribute to the German economy. The plan must include job creation for at least five European residents or citizens.
2. Residency Period: Obtain temporary residency and maintain continuous residence for six years, making it one year faster than Sweden.
3. Language and Integration: Pass a German language test and prove your integration into German society.

Germany’s program is ideal for those with a strong entrepreneurial mindset and a willingness to invest in the country’s dynamic economy.

7. Belgium: A Residency-to-Citizenship Path

Belgium provides a relatively straightforward pathway to citizenship, although the process primarily begins with residency. While it doesn’t explicitly have a “citizenship by investment” program, it allows business-focused applicants to contribute to the economy and eventually apply for citizenship.

Steps to Obtain Belgian Citizenship:

1. Residency First: Begin by establishing residency through starting or developing a business in Belgium.
2. Participation: Actively participate in the economic and social life of the country.
3. Language Proficiency: Demonstrate basic fluency in one of Belgium’s three official languages: French, Dutch, or German.
4. Timeframe: Apply for citizenship after five years of residency.

While Belgium’s process is slower than some other options, its strategic location in the heart of Europe and multilingual environment make it an attractive choice.

8. Austria: The Exclusive Path

Austria offers a highly exclusive citizenship by investment program, but it’s not for everyone. This option is tailored for ultra-high-net-worth individuals who can make a substantial economic impact on the country.

Key Details:

• Investment Requirement: Contributions typically exceed €10 million in direct investments or government-approved projects.
• No Residency Requirement: Unlike most other EU countries, Austria’s program allows citizenship without the need to reside in the country.
• Processing Time: The timeline varies, but citizenship can be granted in as little as 12 months.

Austria’s program is prestigious and offers one of the most powerful passports in the world, but the significant financial threshold makes it a niche option.

9. Ireland: Flexible Residency Leading to Citizenship

Ireland’s Immigrant Investor Program (IIP) is another pathway to fast EU citizenship. While the country is no longer part of the European Union, it remains part of the European Economic Area (EEA), giving access to many of the same benefits.

Program Overview:

1. Investment Thresholds:
   • €1 million in an Irish enterprise.
   • €500,000 donation to a public project.
2. Residency Requirement: Applicants must spend at least one day per year in Ireland to maintain residency status.
3. Citizenship Eligibility: Apply after five years of residency, provided you meet the residency and investment criteria.

Ireland’s program is particularly appealing to families due to its excellent education system and high quality of life.

10. Latvia: Accessible and Affordable

Latvia’s Golden Visa program is one of the more affordable routes to European residency and eventual citizenship. While citizenship requires a longer residency period, the low investment threshold makes it worth considering.

Requirements:

• Investment Amount: Starting from €250,000 in real estate.
• Residency Duration: Applicants must live in Latvia for at least 10 years to apply for citizenship.
• Other Benefits: Visa-free travel across the Schengen Area during the residency phase.

Latvia offers an affordable starting point for individuals looking to establish a presence in Europe, even if the citizenship timeline is longer than others.

11. Bulgaria: A Fast-Track Option in Eastern Europe

Bulgaria’s investment citizenship program offers a unique “fast-track” option for applicants willing to double their financial commitment.

Investment Pathways:

1. Standard Route: Invest €512,000 in government bonds or other approved assets.
2. Fast-Track Option: Double the investment to €1,024,000 for expedited processing.

Benefits:

• Dual Citizenship: Bulgaria allows dual citizenship, unlike some other EU countries.
• Timeline: Citizenship is possible within 18 to 24 months via the fast-track route.

Bulgaria provides a compelling option for those seeking fast EU citizenship in a less conventional destination.

12. Italy: A Residency-Based Approach

Italy doesn’t have a direct citizenship by investment program, but its elective residency visa offers a pathway for individuals with substantial financial means.

Process Overview:

1. Obtain Residency: Show proof of sufficient income (€100,000 per year or more) and secure an elective residency visa.
2. Residency Duration: Reside in Italy for 10 years to qualify for citizenship.
3. Integration Requirements: Pass a basic Italian language test and demonstrate cultural integration.

Italy’s lifestyle and cultural appeal make it a top choice for those willing to wait for citizenship.

General Benefits of EU Citizenship

Obtaining European Union (EU) citizenship is not just about holding a prestigious passport; it’s about gaining access to a suite of long-term benefits that can significantly enhance your quality of life.

From healthcare and education to economic opportunities and unparalleled freedom of movement, EU citizenship opens doors to a world of possibilities.

Comprehensive Healthcare Systems

One of the biggest perks of EU citizenship is access to top-notch healthcare. Many countries, like Germany, Sweden, and France, provide highly efficient public healthcare systems that are funded by taxes.

As a citizen, you’ll benefit from affordable or even free medical care, covering everything from regular check-ups to advanced surgeries. These systems focus on preventative care, keeping residents healthy in the long run. Plus, with an EHIC (European Health Insurance Card), you can get healthcare services while traveling in other EU countries.

For families, this level of access offers peace of mind. You know your loved ones are covered if they need medical attention. For retirees, it means you can enjoy your later years with reliable healthcare infrastructure supporting you.

World-Class Education Opportunities

Education is a cornerstone of EU citizenship, with many countries offering free or low-cost schooling. Whether it’s primary school or higher education, EU citizens have access to some of the world’s best systems.

Countries like Finland and the Netherlands are known for their innovative and inclusive education approaches. If you’re looking at universities, being an EU citizen means significantly reduced tuition fees at institutions across the region. For instance, higher education in Germany is often free, even for international students.

Parents can also choose bilingual or international schools to prepare their children for a global future. With these resources, EU citizenship can set the foundation for a lifetime of learning.

Freedom of Movement Across the Schengen Area

Imagine living, working, or traveling across 27 countries without the hassle of visas or border checks. That’s what EU citizenship offers through the Schengen Agreement.

For business owners, this means setting up operations in one country, sourcing materials from another, and meeting clients in a third—all without additional bureaucracy. Families and retirees can also enjoy the flexibility of splitting their time between different countries.

Freedom of movement isn’t just practical; it’s enriching. You can explore Europe’s diverse cultures, cuisines, and landscapes with ease, making your citizenship a passport to adventure.

Economic Stability and Opportunities

The EU’s strong economic foundation is a huge draw. As a citizen, you gain access to one of the largest and most stable economic zones in the world. This stability creates plenty of opportunities for growth, whether you’re an investor, professional, or entrepreneur.

Investors can tap into a massive integrated market for cross-border trade. Professionals benefit from access to the EU labor market, which prioritizes citizens and offers jobs in industries ranging from tech and finance to agriculture and tourism. Entrepreneurs can take advantage of supportive policies for startups and small businesses.

Additionally, EU citizenship often comes with favorable tax treaties and social security agreements, helping you manage your finances more effectively while safeguarding your future.

Generous Pension and Social Security Systems

Many EU countries offer robust pension and social security systems, ensuring financial stability in retirement. Countries like Denmark and the Netherlands consistently rank high in global pension system rankings, providing a steady income and excellent services for citizens.

If you’ve worked in multiple EU countries, you can combine your contributions through coordinated social security agreements. This ensures you’ll receive the benefits you’re entitled to, no matter where you’ve worked.

In addition to pensions, EU citizenship often provides access to services like subsidized housing and unemployment benefits, making it a reliable safety net during uncertain times.

Cultural and Lifestyle Advantages

Europe is rich in history, art, and culture, and as an EU citizen, you’ll have endless opportunities to enjoy it. From Italy’s world-renowned cuisine to Spain’s vibrant festivals and Scandinavia’s stunning landscapes, there’s something for everyone.

Many EU countries also emphasize work-life balance, ensuring residents have the time to enjoy these cultural experiences. Families benefit from safe communities and family-friendly amenities, while retirees can settle into beautiful, serene environments.

By immersing yourself in Europe’s cultural diversity, you’ll find that EU citizenship enhances not just your opportunities, but also your day-to-day life.

Global Mobility and Diplomatic Support

An EU passport is one of the most powerful travel documents globally, offering visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 150 countries. Whether for business, leisure, or visiting family, travel becomes significantly more convenient.

In addition, EU citizens benefit from robust diplomatic support. If you’re abroad and face an emergency, EU embassies and consulates are there to assist you. This level of support provides an extra layer of security, especially for frequent travelers.

Intergenerational Benefits

EU citizenship doesn’t just benefit you—it creates opportunities for your children and grandchildren. Citizenship is often passed down, giving future generations access to world-class education, healthcare, and economic opportunities.

This generational advantage makes EU citizenship not just an investment in your life, but in the lives of your family members. It’s a legacy that ensures better prospects for years to come.

Social and Cultural Integration Tips

Obtaining EU citizenship is a big step, and successfully settling into your new community is just as important as meeting the legal requirements. Integration isn’t just about blending in—it’s about building a fulfilling life in your new home. Here are some straightforward tips to help you navigate this process.

1. Learn the Local Language

Let’s face it: speaking the local language makes everything easier. Whether it’s ordering coffee, making friends, or handling paperwork, having even basic language skills can go a long way.

• Start Early: Don’t wait. Use apps like Duolingo or take online classes to get started before you move.
• Practice Daily: Read local newspapers, watch TV shows, or strike up conversations with locals. Real-world practice speeds up learning.
• Aim for Progress, Not Perfection: You don’t need to be fluent immediately. Focus on communicating effectively and improving over time.

Learning the language is more than just a requirement; it’s a bridge to understanding the culture and connecting with the people.

2. Immerse Yourself in the Culture

Every EU country has its unique traditions and way of life. The best way to feel at home is to embrace these differences.

• Join Local Celebrations: Whether it’s Oktoberfest in Germany or a summer festival in Spain, participating in events shows you’re keen to be part of the community.
• Learn About the History: Understanding the cultural and historical context of your new home will help you connect on a deeper level.
• Be Open to New Experiences: Whether it’s trying local dishes or following local customs, a little openness goes a long way.

These small steps make a big difference in feeling part of the community.

3. Build Connections

Making friends and forming relationships is key to feeling settled. People appreciate genuine effort, so don’t be afraid to reach out.

• Talk to Neighbors: A simple “hello” can open the door to friendships. Don’t underestimate small gestures like a friendly wave or sharing baked goods.
• Join Groups and Clubs: Whether it’s a hiking club or a book group, joining an activity you enjoy is a great way to meet people who share your interests.
• Volunteer Locally: Volunteering not only helps the community but also allows you to connect with others in a meaningful way.

Building connections takes time, but each step brings you closer to feeling truly at home.

4. Understand Local Norms and Etiquette

Every country has its own set of social rules. Learning and respecting them will help you avoid misunderstandings.

• Research the Basics: Look into things like dining etiquette, greetings, and punctuality. For instance, being on time is very important in Germany, while in Spain, things tend to be more relaxed.
• Observe and Adapt: Pay attention to how locals behave in different settings and follow their lead.
• Ask Questions: If you’re unsure about something, don’t hesitate to ask. Most people are happy to explain their customs.

Adapting to local norms shows respect and makes interactions smoother.

5. Participate in Community Life

Getting involved in local activities is a great way to feel like you belong.

• Attend Community Events: Look for fairs, markets, or local sports matches to attend. These are great opportunities to meet people and get a feel for the community.
• Contribute Where You Can: Whether it’s joining a cleanup drive or participating in a fundraiser, giving back shows you care.
• Be Present: Show up consistently. Whether it’s at the local café or a yoga class, being a familiar face helps build connections over time.

Engaging with your community makes your new home feel more familiar and welcoming.

6. Tap Into Local Resources

Most EU countries offer support for newcomers to help them settle in.

• Look for Integration Programs: Many governments run programs that include language classes, cultural orientation, and practical advice for navigating life in the country.
• Visit Community Centers: These often serve as hubs for information, events, and support groups.
• Use Online Forums: Expat communities and local social media groups can be a treasure trove of advice and connections.

Taking advantage of these resources can make your transition much smoother.

7. Balance Work and Social Life

Whether you’re starting a job or running a business, balancing work and social life is key to long-term happiness.

• Prioritize Relationships: Don’t let work consume all your time. Make an effort to meet new people and explore your surroundings.
• Embrace Work-Life Balance: Many EU countries, like Denmark and France, emphasize a healthy work-life balance. Take advantage of this cultural norm to enjoy life outside of work.
• Network Professionally: Attend business events or join industry groups to expand both your professional and social circles.

A balanced life ensures you’re thriving both personally and professionally.

8. Stay Patient and Persistent

Integration is a journey that takes time. It’s natural to face challenges, but persistence will pay off.

• Celebrate Small Wins: Every step—whether it’s mastering a phrase in a new language or making a friend—is progress.
• Learn from Mistakes: Don’t be discouraged by setbacks. Use them as learning opportunities.
• Keep an Open Mind: Stay positive and remember that adapting to a new culture is a process.

With patience and effort, you’ll find your place in your new community.

Need Help?

Your goals deserve a strategy that matches your ambition. At Millionaire Migrant, we’ve spent decades helping individuals and families achieve freedom through tailored investment plans, strategic tax optimization, and second citizenship solutions. Our mission is simple: we help you create a life where you can live, work, and invest with no borders and minimal tax burdens. Ready to redefine your future? 

Contact us today and discover how Millionaire Migrant can help you make it happen.

FAQ

1. How long does it take to obtain EU citizenship?

The timeline varies depending on the country and pathway you choose. Fast-track programs like Malta’s can take as little as 13-15 months, while others, like Portugal’s Golden Visa, require a five-year residency before applying for citizenship.

2. Can I have dual citizenship if I become an EU citizen?

Many EU countries allow dual citizenship, but it depends on your country of origin and the EU country you’re applying to. Always check the specific rules for your situation.

3. Do I need to speak the language to become an EU citizen?

Most countries require a basic understanding of the local language as part of the citizenship process. For example, Spain and Portugal require an A2 level of proficiency.

4. What is the difference between residency and citizenship in the EU?

Residency allows you to live and work in a specific country, while citizenship gives you full rights, including voting and the ability to live and work in any EU country.

5. Which EU country offers the most affordable citizenship options?

Portugal’s Golden Visa and Greece’s Golden Visa are among the more affordable pathways, with investment thresholds starting at €250,000. However, these require longer residency periods compared to Malta’s faster but more expensive program.